CAUSE & EFFECT

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Definition

In composition, cause and effect is a method of paragraph or essay development in which a writer analyzes the reasons for—and/or the consequences of—an action, event, or decision.

A cause-and-effect paragraph or essay can be organized in various ways. For instance, causes and/or effects can be arranged in either chronological order or reverse chronological order. Alternatively, points can be presented in terms of emphasis, from least important to most important, or vice versa

Effect is defined as what happened. Cause is defined as why something happened. Clue words that signal causal relationships include: such as, because, so, consequently, therefore, thus, and since. To find an effect, readers ask, “What happened?” To find cause, readers ask “Why did this happen?” Informational articles are ideal selections for teaching cause/effect relationships because they provide explanations for readers that include reasons for various phenomenon.

Examples of Cause and Effect

  • We received seven inches of rain in four hours. - The underpass was flooded.
  • I never brush my teeth. - I have 5 cavities.
  • Smoking cigarettes - Lung cancer
  • Many buffalo were killed. - Buffalo almost became extinct.
  • The streets were snow-packed and icy. - Cars needed more time to stop.

Cause and Effect Examples in Sentences

  • Because the alarm was not set, we were late for work.
  • The moon has gravitational pull, consequently the oceans have tides.
  • Since school was canceled, we went to the mall.
  • John made a rude comment, so Elise hit him.
  • When the ocean is extremely polluted, coral reefs die.

Dialogue of Cause and Effect


Ical: I heard that Sam is absent today. Why?
Yoga: Oh, Dafa said he is hospitalized.
Ical: Oh my God! Why?
Yoga: He is sick because he barely ate anything yesterday.
Ical: Why didn’t he eat? Is it because of him busy schedule? I heard he takes two courses after school.
Yoga: I don’t know.
Ical: Let’s pray that he will quickly recover.
Yoga: Yes. I hope he gets better after being hospitalized.

Exercise pages 79-81




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